ISO 17901-2:2015 is a standard that specifies methods for the measurement of hologram recording characteristics. It is part of a series focused on holographic technology and provides guidance on how to measure and evaluate the key attributes of hologram recording.
Key Features of ISO 17901-2:2015
- Scope: The standard covers methods for assessing various parameters related to the recording of holograms, including:
- Recording material characteristics.
- Light-source specifications.
- Measurement of holographic recording efficiency and quality.
- Application: It is intended for use in industries that involve the recording and reproduction of holograms, such as data storage, security applications, and imaging technologies.
Measurement Parameters
ISO 17901-2:2015 provides methods for measuring several key parameters of hologram recording:
- Hologram Diffraction Efficiency:
- Measures how effectively the hologram diffracts light, a key factor in determining the quality of the recorded image.
- Recording Material Sensitivity:
- Evaluates the sensitivity of the recording material to the light used during hologram creation, which impacts the resolution and clarity of the hologram.
- Recording Geometry:
- Specifies the angles and configurations under which hologram recording takes place, impacting the final image quality and fidelity.
- Reconstruction Conditions:
- Details the conditions under which the hologram is viewed or reconstructed, such as lighting and angles, which affect how the hologram is perceived.
Importance of ISO 17901-2:2015
- Quality Control: The standard provides methods to assess and ensure the quality of holograms produced for various applications, such as data storage or security features.
- Industry Standardization: By defining clear measurement methods, it allows for consistent production and evaluation across industries that rely on holographic technology.
- Innovation and Research: It serves as a foundation for further advancements in holographic recording and reproduction technology by providing standardized metrics for assessment.
Applications of ISO 17901-2:2015
- Data Storage: In optical data storage systems, such as holographic memory, the recording characteristics directly influence storage density and retrieval accuracy.
- Security and Authentication: Holograms are widely used in security applications, such as on currency or identification cards, where high recording fidelity is crucial for counterfeiting resistance.
- Optical Imaging: Holography is used in medical imaging, microscopy, and other fields where precise recording and reconstruction of images are necessary.
Conclusion
ISO 17901-2:2015 provides a critical framework for measuring and evaluating the characteristics of hologram recordings. By adhering to these methods, industries can ensure the production of high-quality holograms for various applications, from secure authentication systems to advanced optical data storage solutions.
What is required
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
ISO 17901-2:2015 outlines methods for measuring the characteristics of hologram recording. Here’s what is required to comply with this standard:
1. Equipment and Materials
- Holographic Recording Material: Appropriate materials that are sensitive to the wavelengths of light used for hologram recording.
- Light Source: A coherent light source, such as a laser, which meets specific wavelength and intensity requirements for accurate hologram recording and measurement.
- Recording Setup: Equipment to control the geometry and angles for hologram recording, such as beam splitters, mirrors, and optical benches.
- Reconstruction Setup: Systems to reconstruct and evaluate the recorded hologram, including the same or equivalent light source.
2. Measurement Parameters
- Diffraction Efficiency: A method for measuring how effectively the hologram diffracts light, which is crucial for determining the quality of the recorded hologram.
- Recording Material Sensitivity: Measurement techniques to determine how the recording material responds to the light source, affecting the clarity and resolution of the hologram.
- Recording Geometry: Precise measurement of the angles and distance between the recording and reference beams, ensuring the hologram’s fidelity.
- Reconstruction Conditions: The need to evaluate the hologram under specific lighting and environmental conditions to assess its quality accurately.
3. Testing and Calibration
- Calibration of Equipment: Proper calibration of all measurement devices and light sources is required to ensure accurate and repeatable results.
- Testing Protocols: The standard outlines detailed testing protocols to ensure consistency in how measurements are taken, including environmental controls like temperature and humidity.
4. Documentation
- Measurement Data: Detailed records of all measurements, including diffraction efficiency, material sensitivity, and recording geometry.
- Quality Assurance: Documentation verifying that all equipment and materials meet the necessary specifications for ISO 17901-2:2015 compliance.
- Test Results: Reports detailing the performance of the hologram based on the measured characteristics.
5. Personnel Requirements
- Skilled Operators: Personnel must have the necessary technical skills to handle holographic recording equipment and perform measurements according to the standard.
6. Environmental Conditions
- Controlled Environment: The recording and measuring processes must take place in a stable, controlled environment where temperature, humidity, and light levels are regulated.
By adhering to these requirements, organizations can ensure that they are following ISO 17901-2:2015 standards for accurate and reliable measurement of hologram recording characteristics.
Who is required
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
ISO 17901-2:2015 specifies methods for measuring hologram recording characteristics, and various stakeholders are required to comply with or use this standard. These include:
1. Hologram Manufacturers
- Who: Companies that produce holograms for data storage, security, or imaging applications.
- Why: To ensure the quality, precision, and reliability of the holograms they manufacture by adhering to standardized measurement methods.
2. Optical and Holographic Engineers
- Who: Engineers who design and develop holographic systems and materials.
- Why: They need to ensure that the materials and technologies used in hologram recording meet the standards for efficiency and accuracy, especially for high-performance applications.
3. Quality Control and Testing Laboratories
- Who: Independent or in-house testing labs that assess hologram performance and recording quality.
- Why: They are responsible for conducting the tests outlined in ISO 17901-2:2015 to validate that the holograms meet specified characteristics, such as diffraction efficiency and recording material sensitivity.
4. Data Storage and Security Companies
- Who: Organizations involved in using holographic technology for optical data storage or security purposes, such as anti-counterfeiting measures on products, currency, or IDs.
- Why: They need to verify the performance and reliability of holograms used in their products, ensuring compliance with international standards for data integrity or security authentication.
5. Research Institutions and Universities
- Who: Academic researchers and students working in the field of holography, optics, and material science.
- Why: To ensure that their experimental methods and equipment meet the standardized requirements for measuring hologram recording characteristics, contributing to reproducible and reliable results in research.
6. Regulatory Bodies
- Who: Government agencies and standardization bodies that regulate and approve technologies in industries such as security, medical imaging, and data storage.
- Why: They require compliance with ISO 17901-2:2015 to certify that holographic products and systems meet international safety and quality standards.
7. Medical and Imaging Device Manufacturers
- Who: Manufacturers of medical imaging devices that use holography for enhanced diagnostic capabilities.
- Why: To ensure that the holograms used in these devices provide accurate and high-quality imaging for clinical applications, contributing to better diagnostic outcomes.
8. Software Developers for Holographic Data Analysis
- Who: Developers of software tools used to analyze and interpret holographic data.
- Why: They need to ensure their algorithms and tools are compatible with the parameters measured in ISO 17901-2:2015, ensuring consistency in data processing and interpretation.
By adhering to the methods outlined in ISO 17901-2:2015, these stakeholders can guarantee the quality and accuracy of hologram recording processes and products.
When is required
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
ISO 17901-2:2015 is required when there is a need to measure and evaluate the characteristics of hologram recordings to ensure their quality and performance. Specific instances where this standard is required include:
1. During Hologram Production
- When: Anytime holograms are being manufactured, whether for data storage, security applications, or optical imaging.
- Why: To ensure that the holograms meet the required performance criteria, such as diffraction efficiency and recording material sensitivity, as outlined in the standard.
2. In Product Quality Control and Testing
- When: When manufacturers or testing laboratories conduct quality assurance checks on holographic products.
- Why: To validate that the holograms adhere to international standards and perform consistently, ensuring reliability in real-world applications.
3. In Research and Development
- When: During the development of new holographic technologies or materials.
- Why: Researchers and developers need to measure and evaluate hologram characteristics to ensure that their innovations meet the criteria for high performance, contributing to breakthroughs in optical data storage, imaging, and other fields.
4. For Certification or Compliance Audits
- When: When organizations are seeking certification or undergoing regulatory audits.
- Why: ISO 17901-2:2015 ensures that the holograms produced comply with industry and regulatory standards, making it necessary during audits for product approval or market entry.
5. When Evaluating New Recording Materials
- When: When introducing new holographic recording materials in production or research.
- Why: To assess the material’s sensitivity and suitability for hologram recording, ensuring the material’s performance aligns with industry standards.
6. For Hologram-Based Security Features
- When: When creating holograms for security features in currencies, identification cards, or product authentication.
- Why: To guarantee that the holograms have the necessary fidelity and security features, such as anti-counterfeiting measures, ISO 17901-2:2015 is needed to verify performance.
7. In Calibration of Holographic Systems
- When: When setting up or calibrating systems that record or reproduce holograms.
- Why: The standard provides necessary methods to measure key system parameters to ensure accurate hologram recording and reconstruction.
8. Periodically in Ongoing Production
- When: As part of routine inspections or maintenance checks on the hologram production line.
- Why: Regular checks ensure that production quality remains high, and the holograms produced continue to meet ISO 17901-2:2015 standards over time.
ISO 17901-2:2015 is required in these instances to maintain the quality, accuracy, and functionality of hologram recordings in various industries.
Where is required
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
ISO 17901-2:2015 is required in various sectors and locations where holograms are produced, used, or tested. Specific locations where this standard is essential include:
1. Hologram Manufacturing Facilities
- Where: Companies that produce holograms for data storage, security applications (like currency or ID cards), or imaging technologies.
- Why: To ensure the holograms being produced meet the required quality standards and function as intended.
2. Quality Control and Testing Laboratories
- Where: Independent or in-house laboratories conducting quality assessments of holographic materials and devices.
- Why: These labs use the methods outlined in ISO 17901-2:2015 to measure key hologram recording characteristics, such as diffraction efficiency and material sensitivity, ensuring compliance with international standards.
3. Research and Development Centers
- Where: R&D centers within universities, research institutes, or private companies working on holography, optical systems, and new holographic materials.
- Why: Researchers need to evaluate hologram recording characteristics during the development of new technologies and products.
4. Data Storage Facilities
- Where: Companies that implement holographic data storage solutions, such as high-capacity archival storage systems.
- Why: To ensure that holograms used for data storage are recorded with high fidelity, accuracy, and reliability, meeting the performance standards required for data integrity.
5. Security and Authentication Applications
- Where: Locations where holograms are used as security features, such as in government minting facilities for currency, identification card production, or product authentication.
- Why: The standard ensures that holographic security features are of the highest quality and resistant to counterfeiting.
6. Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Centers
- Where: Facilities using holographic technology in medical imaging, such as hospitals or diagnostic centers employing advanced imaging techniques.
- Why: Accurate hologram recordings are essential for producing high-quality medical images that support precise diagnostics.
7. Optical Imaging and Holography Industries
- Where: Industries that rely on optical imaging techniques, including holography for entertainment, microscopy, or visualization.
- Why: To ensure the quality and clarity of holograms used in these advanced imaging systems.
8. Academic Institutions
- Where: Universities and technical schools with departments in physics, optics, or material sciences.
- Why: Academic researchers and students need to measure hologram recording characteristics according to standardized methods in their experiments and studies.
9. Regulatory and Certification Bodies
- Where: Organizations that certify products or technologies that use holographic techniques, such as regulatory agencies or international standards organizations.
- Why: To verify that holographic products comply with internationally accepted standards, ensuring safety, performance, and consistency.
In summary, ISO 17901-2:2015 is required in manufacturing, research, security, and data storage settings where holograms are recorded, used, or evaluated to ensure high performance and compliance with industry standards.
How is required
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
ISO 17901-2:2015 outlines specific methods and procedures for measuring hologram recording characteristics to ensure quality, precision, and repeatability. Here’s how the standard is required to be applied:
1. Preparation and Setup
- Holographic Recording Materials: Ensure that the recording material is appropriate for the specific holographic application. Materials should be compatible with the wavelength of the light source and sensitive enough to accurately record the hologram.
- Light Source: A coherent and stable light source, typically a laser, is required. The light source must provide a consistent wavelength and intensity for recording the hologram.
- Recording Setup: Set up optical elements such as mirrors, beam splitters, and lenses to create the required interference pattern between the object and reference beams. The setup must adhere to strict geometric configurations to ensure accuracy.
2. Measurement of Key Characteristics
- Diffraction Efficiency: One of the most important characteristics to measure. The standard specifies methods for calculating the diffraction efficiency of the hologram, which indicates how effectively it redirects light. This is done by comparing the intensity of the diffracted beam to the intensity of the incident light.
- Hologram Thickness: Measure the thickness of the hologram, which affects its optical properties and stability. This requires precise instruments such as microscopes or interferometers.
- Angular Sensitivity: Measure the angles at which the recorded and reconstructed beams interact. Small deviations can affect the quality of the hologram, so accurate angular measurements are crucial.
- Environmental Conditions: Control the environmental factors, including temperature and humidity, as they can affect the sensitivity of the recording material and the stability of the recorded hologram.
3. Calibration and Testing
- Calibration of Instruments: All measuring devices, including light sources and detectors, must be calibrated regularly to ensure they provide accurate readings. This is particularly important for laser wavelength stability and intensity.
- Control Samples: Use control holograms with known properties to ensure that measurement equipment is functioning correctly. Comparing test samples with control samples can help validate the results.
4. Measurement Techniques
- Reconstruction of Hologram: After recording, the hologram must be reconstructed using the same or similar light source to measure its optical properties. The reconstructed image is analyzed for clarity, brightness, and fidelity to the original object.
- Data Collection: Use precise detectors to capture the intensity, angle, and other properties of the reconstructed beams. The collected data is analyzed to assess whether the hologram meets the required performance standards.
- Reporting and Documentation: Record all measurement data, including environmental conditions, equipment settings, and results. Documentation is essential for traceability, quality control, and compliance with the standard.
5. Regular Maintenance and Updates
- Equipment Maintenance: Regular maintenance of the recording and measurement equipment is necessary to avoid inaccuracies due to wear or misalignment.
- Reevaluation: Periodically remeasure holograms to assess long-term stability, especially for applications where the hologram needs to last for an extended period, such as data storage or security features.
6. Quality Control and Compliance
- Standardized Protocols: Follow the standardized procedures outlined in ISO 17901-2:2015 to ensure that measurements are consistent across different batches of holograms.
- Compliance Audits: Ensure that the equipment, materials, and methods used in hologram recording and measurement adhere to the standard, particularly during internal and external audits.
In summary, ISO 17901-2:2015 requires a combination of precise equipment, controlled conditions, standardized measurement techniques, and thorough documentation to ensure the accurate evaluation of hologram recording characteristics.
Case Study on
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
Case Study: Implementation of ISO 17901-2:2015 in a Holographic Data Storage Company
Overview:
This case study focuses on a leading optical data storage company, OptiHolo Technologies, which develops and manufactures holographic data storage systems. These systems use holograms to store large amounts of data with high density and security. The company faced challenges in ensuring consistent quality and performance of its holographic products, leading them to adopt ISO 17901-2:2015, the standard for measuring hologram recording characteristics.
Challenges Faced:
- Inconsistent Hologram Quality: Variability in hologram performance during production led to issues with data integrity and read/write processes. Some holograms exhibited lower diffraction efficiency and degraded faster than expected.
- Measurement Precision: The company struggled with accurately measuring key characteristics like diffraction efficiency, thickness, and angular sensitivity, leading to potential product failures.
- Compliance and Certification: OptiHolo was preparing for certification audits, and failure to meet international standards for hologram quality could have hindered their ability to market their products globally.
Objectives:
- Implement the measurement methods outlined in ISO 17901-2:2015 to improve the consistency and performance of holograms.
- Ensure compliance with international standards to pass regulatory audits and expand into new markets.
- Develop a robust quality control process that integrates accurate, repeatable measurements of hologram characteristics.
Approach:
OptiHolo Technologies undertook a phased approach to implement ISO 17901-2:2015 across its production and quality control systems.
Phase 1: Equipment Upgrade and Calibration
- The company invested in high-precision optical equipment, including lasers, beam splitters, and detectors, to ensure accurate hologram recording.
- All existing measurement devices, such as diffraction meters and angular sensitivity detectors, were calibrated based on the guidelines in ISO 17901-2:2015. Regular maintenance schedules were established to ensure long-term measurement accuracy.
Phase 2: Training and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
- The technical staff received comprehensive training on the new standard, focusing on precise measurement techniques for key hologram characteristics.
- SOPs were developed to ensure consistent recording and measurement of the following characteristics:
- Diffraction Efficiency: The percentage of incident light redirected by the hologram.
- Hologram Thickness: Measured to ensure the right optical properties for data storage.
- Angular Sensitivity: Evaluated to ensure the correct reconstruction of data from the holograms.
Phase 3: Implementation in Production and Quality Control
- The measurement methods from ISO 17901-2:2015 were integrated into the production process, from the initial recording of holograms to final quality checks.
- Quality control teams began using control samples to compare against newly produced holograms, ensuring consistency.
- Regular environmental checks were put in place to control humidity and temperature, which could affect hologram recording materials.
Phase 4: Data Analysis and Reporting
- Each batch of holograms underwent thorough testing to measure diffraction efficiency, thickness, and other characteristics. The results were recorded in a standardized format for analysis.
- The company implemented a feedback loop where the production team could make adjustments based on measurement data, ensuring ongoing improvements in hologram quality.
Results:
- Improved Product Consistency: After implementing ISO 17901-2:2015, the variability in diffraction efficiency and hologram thickness decreased significantly. The company achieved a 95% pass rate for holograms in its first year of using the standard, up from 78% previously.
- Enhanced Data Storage Reliability: By controlling and measuring the critical parameters of hologram recording, OptiHolo saw a marked reduction in data errors during read/write operations.
- Compliance Achieved: OptiHolo successfully passed its certification audits with regulators, allowing them to market their products globally and gain new customers in Europe and Asia.
- R&D Advancements: The R&D team used the methods from ISO 17901-2:2015 to develop new, more durable holographic recording materials. By accurately measuring the sensitivity and angular response of these materials, the team was able to optimize them for higher-density data storage.
Conclusion:
The adoption of ISO 17901-2:2015 significantly improved OptiHolo Technologies’ ability to produce high-quality holographic data storage systems. The standard provided a structured and reliable approach for measuring critical hologram characteristics, allowing the company to ensure product consistency, improve data reliability, and meet international compliance requirements. By integrating these methods into their production and quality control processes, OptiHolo has positioned itself as a leader in the holographic storage market.
Key Takeaways:
- ISO 17901-2:2015 is essential for companies involved in holography to ensure consistent quality and performance.
- Precise measurement and calibration of equipment, along with rigorous testing, are crucial for hologram-based products.
- Compliance with international standards not only improves product reliability but also opens up new market opportunities.
White Paper on
ISO 17901-2:2015 Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics
Abstract:
ISO 17901-2:2015 provides standardized methods for measuring hologram recording characteristics. This document focuses on the critical parameters such as diffraction efficiency, thickness, and angular sensitivity, ensuring quality and consistency in the production of holograms. This white paper examines the importance of this standard in industries utilizing holography, discusses its key components, and highlights its applications in fields such as data storage, security, and imaging.
Introduction:
Holography has emerged as a valuable technology in various sectors, from data storage to security applications. As the use of holograms becomes more widespread, ensuring their quality and reliability is paramount. ISO 17901-2:2015, “Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics,” offers a standardized framework for evaluating these properties. It focuses on precision in measuring parameters that directly impact the functionality of holograms. This white paper presents an in-depth look at the components of this standard and its significance in maintaining the accuracy and quality of holographic applications.
Background on Holography:
Holography is a method of recording and reconstructing light waves to create three-dimensional images of objects. It involves the use of coherent light sources, typically lasers, to produce interference patterns that are recorded on a medium, such as a photosensitive material. Upon reconstruction, the hologram diffracts light, reproducing the original object’s visual information.
Holography is used across industries, including:
- Optical data storage (holographic memory),
- Security and anti-counterfeiting (holographic seals),
- Medical imaging and scientific research, and
- Art and display technology (3D imaging).
In each of these applications, it is essential to accurately measure the properties of the holograms to ensure reliability, efficiency, and longevity.
Key Measurement Parameters in ISO 17901-2:2015:
- Diffraction Efficiency: Diffraction efficiency measures how effectively a hologram redirects the incident light to form an image. It is defined as the ratio of the intensity of the diffracted beam to the intensity of the incident beam. Higher diffraction efficiency typically leads to a clearer, brighter reconstructed image. ISO 17901-2:2015 outlines precise techniques for measuring this characteristic using calibrated optical instruments.
- Hologram Thickness: The thickness of the holographic medium can influence its optical properties, such as sensitivity, depth, and angular response. Thin holograms tend to exhibit lower diffraction efficiency and may not fully capture the 3D information of the object. Measuring thickness ensures the hologram retains its intended optical properties over time.
- Angular Sensitivity: The angular sensitivity of a hologram refers to its ability to reconstruct an image when the object and reference beams are presented at specific angles. Minor deviations in these angles can result in significant image degradation. ISO 17901-2:2015 establishes standardized methods for measuring and controlling this sensitivity, critical for applications like holographic data storage and security holograms.
- Reconstruction Quality: Reconstruction quality refers to how well the hologram recreates the original object. This involves assessing visual factors such as image sharpness, brightness, and accuracy. ISO 17901-2:2015 guides how to set up the experimental conditions to evaluate these properties effectively.
Measurement Techniques and Methods:
- Interferometry: Interferometers are used to assess the phase and amplitude of the diffracted light in a hologram. ISO 17901-2:2015 describes using interferometry to measure the diffraction efficiency and angular response, ensuring the hologram accurately represents the recorded object.
- Laser-Based Measurement: The standard emphasizes the importance of using a coherent light source, typically a laser, for accurate hologram recording and measurement. The method specifies how to align the laser and measure the angles and intensities of diffracted beams, ensuring consistency in the measurements.
- Environmental Control: Since holographic recording and measurement are sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vibrations, ISO 17901-2:2015 requires strict control of the testing environment. This ensures repeatability and precision, minimizing the risk of errors.
- Calibration of Equipment: ISO 17901-2:2015 mandates regular calibration of optical instruments used in hologram measurement. This includes checking the laser’s wavelength stability, the detector’s sensitivity, and the alignment of optical components.
Applications of ISO 17901-2:2015:
- Holographic Data Storage: In optical data storage, holograms are used to record large amounts of data in three dimensions. Accurate measurement of diffraction efficiency and angular sensitivity ensures reliable data retrieval. ISO 17901-2:2015 provides essential guidelines for maintaining the integrity of stored data.
- Security and Authentication: Holograms are widely used in anti-counterfeiting measures on products such as banknotes, identification cards, and packaging. The standard’s methods help ensure that the security holograms are difficult to duplicate while maintaining high optical quality.
- Medical Imaging: In medical fields, holography is used for 3D imaging and diagnostics. Accurate measurement of the reconstructed image’s quality is critical to avoid misinterpretations in medical analysis.
Benefits of Implementing ISO 17901-2:2015:
- Consistency and Quality Control: By following the standardized measurement methods, manufacturers can ensure consistent quality across batches of holograms. This is especially important in mass production environments such as data storage or security printing.
- Enhanced Product Reliability: The precise evaluation of hologram properties according to ISO 17901-2:2015 ensures that the final product performs as expected, reducing the risk of errors in applications like data storage or 3D imaging.
- International Compliance: Adoption of ISO 17901-2:2015 allows organizations to comply with international standards, making it easier to access global markets and enhance credibility among clients and regulators.
Challenges in Implementing ISO 17901-2:2015:
- High Equipment Costs: The precise measurement equipment needed for adhering to the standard, such as interferometers and high-grade lasers, can be costly, especially for smaller companies or research facilities.
- Skill Requirements: Accurate application of the standard requires trained personnel who are familiar with optical measurement techniques and environmental control systems.
- Time-Intensive Calibration: Regular calibration of measurement devices is necessary but time-consuming. Organizations must allocate sufficient resources to ensure ongoing compliance.
Conclusion:
ISO 17901-2:2015 offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating the quality and characteristics of hologram recordings. Its methods ensure the accurate measurement of critical parameters such as diffraction efficiency, thickness, and angular sensitivity, which are essential for high-performance holographic applications. By adopting this standard, industries can improve product reliability, ensure consistency, and meet international compliance requirements. However, the implementation of ISO 17901-2:2015 requires investment in equipment, training, and time, making it crucial for organizations to carefully plan its adoption to achieve maximum benefits.
Recommendations:
- Investment in Training: Organizations should ensure that their technical teams are well-trained in the methods and equipment required by the standard.
- Regular Calibration: Maintaining a strict schedule for calibration of optical instruments is essential for compliance and measurement accuracy.
- Exploring Automation: Automating parts of the measurement and calibration process could save time and reduce human error, making it more efficient to comply with ISO 17901-2:2015.
References:
- ISO 17901-2:2015. “Methods for measurement of hologram recording characteristics.” International Organization for Standardization.